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$\quad$$\quad$Come on—Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

$\quad$$\quad$来吧，所有人都在做这件事！当我们听到”同辈压力”这个词的时候，大多数人的脑海里都会浮现这个半诱惑半强硬的低语。这通常带来的不是好事 ——酗酒、吸毒、滥交。但在Tina Rosenberg的新书《Join The Club》中，她展现了同辈压力也能通过她所谓的社会治愈来起到正面的作用，在社会治愈中，组织和官员利用群体动力的力量，帮助个人改善他们的生活，甚至改善世界。

$\quad$$\quad$Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

$\quad$$\quad$Rosenberg，普利兹奖的获奖者，提供了社会治愈的一个实际行动载体：在加利福尼亚南部，一个叫做Rage Against the Haze的州赞助的反吸烟组织旨在让吸引变得”不酷”。在南非，一个名为“爱的生命”的艾滋病预防项目招募年轻人在同龄人中推广安全性行为。

$\quad$$\quad$The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

$\quad$$\quad$这些想法似乎很有前途，而且Rosenberg是一个敏锐的观察者。她对许多公共健康运动的缺陷的批评是非常准确的，他们未能调动同伴对健康习惯的压力，而且他们对心理学的理解存在严重缺陷。“敢于与众不同，请不要吸烟!”一项旨在减少青少年吸烟的广告牌宣传活动这样说道。罗森博格令人信服地指出，公共卫生倡导者应该向善于施加同伴压力的广告商学习。

$\quad$$\quad$But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the socialcure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

$\quad$$\quad$但在社会治疗的总体效果方面，罗森博格的观点则不那么有说服力。《加入俱乐部》充满了太多无关的细节，而对同龄人压力如此强大的社会和生物因素的探索却不够。这里所提到的社会疗法最明显的缺陷是，它不能很好地持续很长时间。一旦国家资金被削减，愤怒对抗霾的组织就失败了。love life项目能产生持久变化的证据是有限的和混杂的。

$\quad$$\quad$There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones— spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

$\quad$$\quad$毫无疑问，我们的同伴群体对我们的行为产生了巨大的影响。一项新兴的研究表明，积极的健康习惯——和消极的习惯一样——通过社会交流在朋友圈中传播。这是一种微妙的同伴压力:我们无意识地模仿我们每天看到的行为。

$\quad$$\quad$Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

$\quad$$\quad$然而，专家和官僚们如何成功地选择我们的同辈群体，并引导他们的活动向良性方向发展，则是不太确定的。这就像老师把后排的捣乱分子和表现更好的同学配对，把他们分开。这种策略从来没有真正奏效过。这就是外部社会疗法的问题所在:在现实世界中，就像在学校里一样，我们坚持选择自己的朋友。

21.According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as ______.

[A] a supplement to the social cure

社会治疗的补充

[B] a stimulus to group dynamics

 群体动力的刺激

[C] an obstacle to social progress

社会进步的阻碍

[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors

不良行为的原因之一    正确

答案定位：{ It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex. }

22.Rosenberg holds that public advocates should _.

[A] recruit professional advertisers

招聘专业的广告人员

[B] learn from advertisers’ experience

学习更多关于广告的经验   正确

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

远离商业广告

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

认识到广告的局限性

答案定位：{Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. }

23 In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to .

[A] adequately probe social and biological factors

充分探究社会和生物因素  正确

[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure

有效地规避了社会治疗的缺陷

[C] illustrate the functions of state funding

说明了州基金会的作用

[D] produce a long-lasting social effect

产生了长久的社会影响

答案定位：{But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.}

24 Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors ______.

[A] is harmful to our networks of friends

对我们朋友关系有害

[B] will mislead behavioral studies

会误导行为研究

[C] occurs without our realizing it

 在我们没有意识到的情况下发生   正确

[D]can produce negative health habits

能造成消极健康习惯      （片面，没有说全）

答案定位：{This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. }

25 The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is ______.

[A] harmful

有害的

[B] desirable

可取的

[C] profound

有远大意义的

[D] questionable

充满问题的   正确

答案定位：{Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. }