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$\quad$$\quad$On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

$\quad$$\quad$周一，最高法院以5比3的投票结果否决了亚利桑那州的大部分移民法，这对奥巴马政府来说是一次适度的政策胜利。但在更重要的宪法问题上，政府试图打破联邦政府与各州之间权力的平和以0：8的投票失败了。

$\quad$$\quad$In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

$\quad$$\quad$在亚利桑那州诉美国案(Arizona v. United States)中，多数人推翻了亚利桑那州一项有争议的计划中四项有争议的条款中的三项，该计划要求州和地方警察执行联邦移民法。宪法原则是，只有华盛顿有权“建立统一的入籍规则”，联邦法律先于州法律，这是没有争议的。亚利桑那州曾试图制定与现有联邦政策平行的州政策。

$\quad$$\quad$Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the field”, and Arizona hashad thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.

$\quad$$\quad$大法官Anthony Kennedy、首席大法官John Roberts和最高法院的自由派人士裁定，该州太过接近联邦政府的至高地位。在被推翻的条款中，多数人认为国会故意“占领了该领域”，亚利桑那州因此侵犯了联邦的特权权力。

$\quad$$\quad$However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

$\quad$$\quad$然而，大法官们表示，亚利桑那州警方将被允许核实与执法部门接触的人的法律地位。这是因为国会一直设想联邦与州联合执行移民执法，并明确鼓励州官员共享信息，与联邦同事合作。

$\quad$$\quad$Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

$\quad$$\quad$三位反对的法官中，有两位——塞缪尔·阿利托和克拉伦斯·托马斯——同意这一宪法逻辑，但在亚利桑那州的哪些规定与联邦法规相抵触的问题上存在分歧。唯一的主要反对意见来自大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚(Antonin Scalia)，他为州政府的特权提供了更为有力的辩护，这些特权可以追溯到《外国人与煽动叛乱法》(Alien and Sedition act)。

$\quad$$\quad$The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.

$\quad$$\quad$对奥巴马总统8比0的反对取决于法官塞缪尔·阿利托在他的反对中描述的“联邦行政权力的令人震惊的断言”。白宫辩称，亚利桑那州的法律与它的执法重点相冲突，即使州法律严格遵守联邦法规。实际上，白宫声称，它可以使任何其他合法的州法律无效，它不同意。

$\quad$$\quad$Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

$\quad$$\quad$有些权力确实只属于联邦政府，其中包括对公民身份和边界的控制。 但如果国会想要阻止各州使用自己的资源来检查移民身份，它可以做到。 它从来没有这样做过。 从本质上说，政府声称，因为它不想执行国会的移民愿望，任何州也不应该被允许这样做。 每一位大法官都正确地拒绝了这一非凡的主张。

36 Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they .

[A] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.

超越了联邦移民法的权限。   正确

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.

扰乱了不同州之间的权力平衡。

[C] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.

使联邦政策不具备宪法权利

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.

 与联邦和州的政策相矛盾

答案定位：{they “overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.}

37 On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?

[A] States’ independence from federal immigration law.

州政府不采用联邦移民法

[B] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.

联邦官员的职责隐瞒移民信息

[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

州政府在移民法案实施中的合法地位        正确

[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

国会对移民法的干扰

答案定位：{“encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues}

38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts _.

[A] violated the Constitution.

违背了宪法

[B] stood in favor of the states.

削减了州政府的利益

[C] supported the federal statute.

支持联邦法规

[D] undermined the states’ interests.

支持州政府    正确

答案定位：{Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. }

39 The White House claims that its power of enforcement .

[A] outweighs that held by the states.

联邦政府的权利大过州的实施权利      正确

[B] is established by federal statutes.

得到联邦法规支持

[C] is dependent on the states’ support.

无法得到州政府的支持

[D] rarely goes against state laws.

几乎不会违反州法规

答案定位：{federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial，}

40 What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

移民问题通常有国会来决定。

[B] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

行政机构负责移民问题。

[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

司法部门想加强与国会的合作。

[D] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.

司法打算检查行政机构的权力。     正确

答案定位：{Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status .}