Bellman-ford
AcWing 853. 有边数限制的最短路

#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

const int N = 510, M = 10010;

int n, m, k;
int dist[N], backup[N];

struct Edge
{
    int a, b, w;
}edges[M];

int bellman_ford()
{
    memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof dist);
    dist[1] = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        memcpy(backup, dist, sizeof dist);
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
        {
            int a = edges[j].a, b = edges[j].b, w = edges[j].w;
            dist[b] = min(dist[b], backup[a] + w);
        }
    }

    if (dist[n] > 0x3f3f3f3f / 2) return -1;
    //if (dist[n] == 0x3f3f3f3f) return -1;  为什么不这样写呢 存在负权边，前一点到不了，后一点也自然到不了，
    //但是，每个点初始化时0x3f3f3f3f，后一点后被更新  0x3f3f3f3f-x ,这样用==就判断不出来了
    return dist[n];
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &k);

    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, w;
        scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &w);
        edges[i] = {a, b, w};
    }

    int t = bellman_ford();

    if (t == -1) puts("impossible");
    else printf("%d\n", t);

    return 0;
}


SPFA
AcWing 851. spfa求最短路

//大部分正权图，就SPFA也可以过掉
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;

const int N = 100010;

int n, m;
int h[N], w[N], e[N], ne[N], idx;
int dist[N];
bool st[N];

void add(int a, int b, int c)
{
    e[idx] = b, w[idx] = c, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
}

int spfa()
{
    memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof dist);
    dist[1] = 0;

    queue<int> q;
    q.push(1);
    st[1] = true;  //st[]存储当前这个点，是否在队列中

    while (q.size())
    {
        int t = q.front();
        q.pop();

        st[t] = false;

        for (int i = h[t]; i != -1; i = ne[i])
        {
            int j = e[i];
            if (dist[j] > dist[t] + w[i])
            {
                dist[j] = dist[t] + w[i];
                if (!st[j])
                {
                    q.push(j);
                    st[j] = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (dist[n] == 0x3f3f3f3f) return -1;
    return dist[n];

}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);

    memset(h, -1, sizeof h);

    while (m--)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
        add(a, b, c);
    }

    int t = spfa();

    if (t == -1) puts("impossible");
    else printf("%d\n", t);

    return 0;
}

AcWing 852. spfa判断负环

#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

const int N = 100010;

int n, m;
int h[N], w[N], e[N], ne[N], idx;
int dist[N], cnt[N];
bool st[N];

void add(int a, int b, int c)
{
    e[idx] = b, w[idx] = c, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
}

int spfa()
{
    queue<int> q;

    for (int i = 1; i<= n; i++)
    {
        st[i] = true;
        q.push(i);
    }

    while (q.size())
    {
        int t = q.front();
        q.pop();

        st[t] = false;

        for (int i = h[t]; i != -1; i = ne[i])
        {
            int j = e[i];
            if (dist[j] > dist[t] + w[i])
            {
                dist[j] = dist[t] + w[i];
                cnt[j] = cnt[t] + 1;

                if (cnt[j] >= n) return true;
                if (!st[j])
                {
                    q.push(j);
                    st[j] = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return false;
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);

    memset(h, -1, sizeof h);

    while (m--)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
        add(a, b, c);
    }

    if (spfa()) puts("Yes");
    else puts("No");

    return 0;
}