#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <chrono> 

using namespace std;
using namespace std::chrono; 

// #pragma GCC target ("avx2")
// #pragma GCC optimization ("O3")
// #pragma GCC optimization ("unroll-loops")
// #pragma optimization_level 3
// #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,no-stack-protector,unroll-loops,fast-math,O3")
// #pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native")

#define f0r(a, b) for (long long a = 0; a < (b); ++a)
#define f1r(a, b, c) for (long long a = (b); a < (c); ++a)
#define f0rd(a, b) for (long long a = (b); a >= 0; --a)
#define f1rd(a, b, c) for (long long a = (b); a >= (c); --a)
#define ms(arr, v) memset(arr, v, sizeof(arr))
#define pb push_back
#define send {ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);}
#define help {cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL);}
#define fix(prec) {cout << setprecision(prec) << fixed;}
#define mp make_pair
#define f first
#define s second
#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define getunique(v) {sort(all(v)); v.erase(unique(all(v)), v.end());}
#define readgraph(list, edges) for (int i = 0; i < edges; i++) {int a, b; cin >> a >> b; a--; b--; list[a].pb(b); list[b].pb(a);}
#define ai(a, n) for (int ele = 0; ele < n; ele++) cin >> a[ele];
#define ain(a, lb, rb) for (int ele = lb; ele <= rb; ele++) cin >> a[ele];
#define ao(a, n) {for (int ele = 0; ele < (n); ele++) { if (ele) cout << " "; cout << a[ele]; } cout << '\n';}
#define aout(a, lb, rb) {for (int ele = (lb); ele <= (rb); ele++) { if (ele > (lb)) cout << " "; cout << a[ele]; } cout << '\n';}
#define vsz(x) ((long long) x.size())
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double lld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<pii> vpi;
typedef vector<pll> vpl;

template<typename A> ostream& operator<<(ostream &cout, vector<A> const &v);
template<typename A, typename B> ostream& operator<<(ostream &cout, pair<A, B> const &p) { return cout << "(" << p.f << ", " << p.s << ")"; }
template<typename A> ostream& operator<<(ostream &cout, vector<A> const &v) {
    cout << "["; for(int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {if (i) cout << ", "; cout << v[i];} return cout << "]";
}
template<typename A, typename B> istream& operator>>(istream& cin, pair<A, B> &p) {
    cin >> p.first;
    return cin >> p.second;
}

mt19937 rng(std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
// mt19937 rng(61378913);
/* usage - just do rng() */

void usaco(string filename) {
  // #pragma message("be careful, freopen may be wrong")
    freopen((filename + ".in").c_str(), "r", stdin);
    freopen((filename + ".out").c_str(), "w", stdout);
}

const lld pi = 3.14159265358979323846;
// const ll mod = 1000000007;
// const ll mod = 998244353;
// ll mod;



ll n, m, k, q, l, r, x, y, z;
const ll template_array_size = 1e6 + 585;
ll a[template_array_size];
ll b[template_array_size];
ll c[template_array_size];
string s, t;
ll ans = 0;



void solve(int tc = 0) {

}

int main() {
    #ifdef galen_colin_local
        auto begin = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    #endif

    send help

    #ifndef galen_colin_local
        // usaco("cowland");
    #endif

    // usaco("cowland");

    int tc = 1;
    // cin >> tc;
    for (int t = 0; t < tc; t++) solve(t);

    #ifdef galen_colin_local
        auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        cout << setprecision(4) << fixed;
        // cout << "Execution time: " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(end - begin).count() << " seconds" << endl;
    #endif
}