$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Text 4

$\quad$$\quad$Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard- setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.

$\quad$$\quad$银行家们在公众面前指责自己。在这种情景之下，他们开始将矛头指向他人：会计准则的指定者。他们的规则折磨着银行，并迫使他们报告自己的损失，且这很不公平。这些规则规定他们必须以第三方支付的价格对某些资产进行评估，而不是管理者和有关人员想要定的价格。

$\quad$$\quad$Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.

$\quad$$\quad$不幸的是，银行的希望似乎正在被实现。具体的细节任不为所知，但会计准则制定者的独立性，正在消失，这种独立性是资本市场正常运转的必备要素。同时，除非银行把那些坏账公之于众，不然复兴银行系统是很困难的事情。

$\quad$$\quad$After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”

$\quad$$\quad$在与国会激烈交锋后，美国财政会计准则委员会也匆忙地通过了规则修改。这给了银行更大的自由来使用模型评估非流动资产。Bob Herz作为FASB的主席，对那些质疑其行动的人大呼。然而银行股票上涨，这一变换加强了一个叫做“管理层运用判断”的现象。

$\quad$$\quad$European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes itits reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.

$\quad$$\quad$欧洲的部长们立即要求国际会计准则委员会(IASB)也这样做。IASB表示，它不想在没有全面规划的情况下采取行动，但当它在今年晚些时候完成规则重建时，屈服的压力是巨大的。欧盟委员查理•麦克里维(Charlie McCreevy)警告IASB，它“不是生活在政治真空中”，而是“在现实世界中”，欧洲仍可能制定不同的规则。

$\quad$$\quad$It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.

$\quad$$\quad$银行是错误的，他们的账户资产被大大高估了。如今，他们认为，市场价格夸大了损失，因为它们在很大程度上反映了市场暂时的流动性不足，而不是可能出现的坏账规模。真相多年后才会为人所知。但该银行的股价低于其账面价值，表明投资者持怀疑态度。停滞的市场在一定程度上反映了银行的瘫痪，因为担心账面损失，银行不愿出售资产，也不愿购买所有那些所谓的廉价资产。

$\quad$$\quad$To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.

$\quad$$\quad$为了让这个系统重新运转起来，损失必须被确认和处理。美国收购有毒资产的新计划将不会起作用，除非银行将资产定价到买家认为有吸引力的水平。成功的市场需要独立、甚至好斗的标准制定者。美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)和国际会计准则委员会(IASB)正是如此，例如，为了对抗特殊利益集团的敌意，他们清理了有关股票期权和养老金的规定。但他们现在向批判人士让步，是在给他们施加压力，迫使他们做出更多让步。

36.Bankers complained that they were forced to

银行家们谴责是因为他们被强迫

[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules

遵守不喜欢的资产评估规则 对 第一段中心思想

[B] collect payments from third parties

从第三方收集支付方式 错

[C] cooperate with the price managers

与价格制定者合作 错

[D] reevaluate some of their assets.

重新评估其资产 错 不能概括第一段中心思想

37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in

FASB的规则修改可能导致

[A] the diminishing role of management

管理作用的削弱 错

[B] the revival of the banking system

银行系统的振兴 错

[C] the banks’ long-term asset losses

银行的非流通资产的损失 错

[D] the weakening of its independence

其独立性的削弱 对 符合段落主要表达目的

38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to

麦克里维建议国际会计准则委员会

[A] keep away from political influences.

从政治影响中远离 错

[B] evade the pressure from their peers.

逃避来自同行的压力 错

[C] act on their own in rule-setting.

用他们自己的方式来设定规则 对 符合段落主旨

[D] take gradual measures in reform.

采取柔和的措施来慢慢改革 错

39.The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they

作者认为银行是“在错误的星球上”，因为他们

[A] misinterpreted market price indicators

错误解读市场价格指标

[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets

夸大资产的实际价值 对 符合锻炼思想 就是为了夸大其资产而达到收益

[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.

忽视了可能存在的坏账。

[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.

否认在出售资产时计入亏损。

40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of

作者对规则指定者的态度

[A] satisfaction.

[B] skepticism.

[C] objectiveness

[D] sympathy 同情 正确答案居然是这个 我想不懂了…太玄学了